Boston<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n <\/p>\n
One of the biggest differences between terrestrial radio<\/b>\u00a0and Internet radio<\/b> is the limitation of the broadcast market. With traditional radio<\/b>,\u00a0radio<\/b> waves emanate from a transmitter and the population within the radius of the transmission point can only hear the signal.<\/p>\n
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Radio stations want to attract a particular segment of the radio audience and broadcast its favorite music.<\/p>\n
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As an ad supported medium, station managers start by identifying audience segments in a given metropolitan area that have appeal to advertisers.<\/p>\n
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They then select a program format expected to attract that audience after assessing whether there is room for them to compete in that segment.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Demographics<\/b><\/p>\n\n- Audience Identification & Market Research: audience research based on demographic studies (location, age, gender, economic status, and other characteristics of potential audience.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Research methods<\/b><\/p>\n\n- Station Rating:<\/b> calculated by the % of potential audience listening to station at a particular time.<\/li>\n
- For example: If station has a rating of 5.2 at noon on weekdays, that means that of every 1,000 households surveyed, 52 were listening to that station at noon on a weekday.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Sets In Use:<\/b> a count of the actual # of homes w\/ radios turned on.<\/p>\n\n- If the market had 100,000 households and 62.4% of the sampled homes had radios turned on, then sets in use would be projected at 62,400.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Audience Share:<\/b> measures comparative popularity of a program being broadcast at a particular time.<\/p>\n\n- For example: If a show has a 10.1 share, that means that, of the homes that had their sets turned on, 10.1% were listening to that particular program at that particular time.<\/li>\n
- It essentially compares Station Ratings of different stations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Spectrum of Formats<\/b><\/p>\n\n- Commercial radio stations programming music tend to devote themselves to one type of music, which \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 makes the station a destination for the audience segment devoted to that genre.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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See table 19.2 on page 329 for America\u2019s Top Radio Formats.<\/i><\/p>\n
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Pop Contemporary Hit Radio (Top 40)<\/b> \u2013repetition of short list of popular songs…for teens, young \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 adults<\/p>\n
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Adult Contemporary<\/b> \u2013broad category w\/ many subcategories (ie Hot AC & Adult Top 40)-sprinkles in \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 oldies (usually not more than a decade old), among current hits<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Country<\/b> -today, a mix of Pop-Country & Country-Rock…nowadays, found all across the nation<\/p>\n
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Urban Contemporary<\/b> -music rooted in a predominantly black, inner-city audience (R&B, hip-hop, & rap)…appeal is broader than inner city demographic<\/p>\n
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Album-Oriented Rock<\/b> -lengthy rock songs & laid-back DJs are its hallmarks<\/p>\n
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Oldies<\/b> -songs from 1 or more prior decades<\/p>\n
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New Adult Contemporary<\/b> (or Smooth Jazz)-up-tempo version of easy listening=light insts. & soft vox<\/p>\n
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Alternative Music<\/b> -popular music that doesn’t fit into mainstream rock or pop formats (ie reggae, techno, & world music)<\/p>\n
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Christian <\/b>-several variants, including gospel & modern up-tempo music expressing faith\/pro-family themes<\/p>\n
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National Public Radio:<\/b> segment of the FM broadcast band set aside for schools, colleges, civic entities, & others who devote their programming to edu., the arts, & other kinds of nonprofit enterprise<\/p>\n\n- \u00a0Alternative music and lesser-known recording artists are sometimes featured<\/li>\n
- Receptive to special programming: classical, electronic, avant-garde, and even campus recitals \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 & faculty\/student concerts<\/li>\n
- They do not accept most forms of commercial advertising<\/li>\n
- Funding: federal, state, city, & private donations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
How Commercial Radio Stations Work:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n\n- 1996 Telecommunications Act = <\/b>consolidation of ownership of stations, management structure<\/li>\n
- Staffing-BEFORE<\/b> the 1996 Telecommunications Act, usually one general manager, PD,\u00a0 marketing & promotions director for 1 or 2 stations\u2026<\/li>\n
- AFTER<\/b> the Act: one of each of these people now run numerous stations in a given city (book says 6) = media cross-ownership (AND this generates tight playlists, or little variation).<\/li>\n
- Programming<\/b> -songs USED TO land on a station\u2019s playlist based on 3 things: local sales, requests, and music director\u2019s gut instinct.<\/li>\n
- Today<\/b>, music selections often made by a radio group\u2019s corporate branch (the higher-ups).<\/li>\n
- Payola scandals (music promoters bribing DJs to play their artists\u2019 music) common up until the late 1950s, less common today.<\/li>\n
- In a typical week, 10-15<\/b> songs are added into & dropped out of rotation (only a handful of songs are chosen for the prime spots, called heavy rotation-EXPOSURE)<\/li>\n
- Clustering<\/b> -the separate grouping of songs together & the same for commercials (instead of song-commercial-song-commercial)<\/li>\n
- Pacing<\/b> -deals with various sequences of song tempos (ie medium-slow-fast), song style, the type of act (ie solo artist-group-solo artist).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
Networks and\u00a0Syndication<\/b>: when independent production companies package complete programs, then license them to stations.<\/p>\n\n- ie Howard Stern Show and other national talk show superstars.<\/li>\n
- One consequence: a lot of local talent is displaced by syndicated shows.<\/li>\n
- Ryan Seacrest:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
–https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/On_Air_with_Ryan_Seacrest<\/a><\/p>\n-https:\/\/onairwithryan.iheart.com\/howtolisten\/<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Satellite Subscription Radio<\/b> -launched in 2001 & now dominated by Sirius XM Radio \/\/ heavily geared to the car radio market.<\/p>\n\n- Over 135 channels, most w\/o commercials.<\/li>\n
- Abundance of niche music channels (specific music groups or eras of music), as well as mainstream music and talk radio channels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
Internet Radio<\/b> (\u201cWebcasting\u201d) -ie Pandora-streams continuous audio, available around the globe<\/p>\n\n- Channels range from free (usually w\/ ads) to ad-free programming for subscription paying listeners.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Music in Radio \u201cKeep creating\u201d Terrestrial Radio\u00a0 -There are 268 radio markets in the United States. -Market rank is dependent on audience reach. -The top 10 largest markets: New York Los Angeles Chicago San Francisco Dallas \u2013 Ft. Worth Houston-Galveston Washington,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[397],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sea.garnishmusicproduction.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sea.garnishmusicproduction.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sea.garnishmusicproduction.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sea.garnishmusicproduction.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/73"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sea.garnishmusicproduction.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12424"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sea.garnishmusicproduction.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12424\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sea.garnishmusicproduction.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sea.garnishmusicproduction.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sea.garnishmusicproduction.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}